Polyvinyl chloride resin composition

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The present invention provides a polyvinyl chloride resin composition which is superior in heat stability and processability and has less elution from the composition. 
     CONSTITUTION: A polyvinyl chloride resin composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin, 10 to 120 parts by weight of di(2-ethylhexyl)teraphthalate, and 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of epoxidized vegetable oil having a peroxide number of 5 or less.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a polyvinyl chloride resin composition,particularly, a polyvinyl chloride resin composition which is superiorin heat stability and processability and has less elution from thecomposition and, therefore, is suitable for medical instruments such asmedical tubes and medical bags.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Polyvinyl chloride resin compositions comprising a polyvinyl chlorideresin together with a plasticizer have widely been used as a materialfor medical instruments such as, for example, medical tubes such ascatheters, and medical bags such as blood bags, liquid medicine bags anddrainage bags, because flexibility of the composition may be adjustedover a wide range by varying an amount of the plasticizer, and thecomposition has good moldability, adhesion, processability, heatresistance and kink resistance and is less costly. However, when amolded article composed of a polyvinyl chloride resin compositioncomprising a plasticizer is brought into contact with body fluids suchas blood or with various aqueous solutions, the plasticizer or otheradditives may elute.

In general, a resin composition for medical instruments is desired notto cause elution of additives such as a plasticizer. Further, the resincomposition for medical instruments is desired to be heat stable,because the medical instruments are necessarily sterilized.

Various methods have been proposed for reducing the elution. Forexample, it is known to add a specific silicone oil to a polyvinylchloride resin composition comprising di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DOP) asa plasticizer (see the following Patent Literature 1). It is alsoproposed to add epoxidized vegetable oil having a peroxide number of 10or less to a polyvinyl chloride resin composition comprising the DOP asa plasticizer (see the following Patent Literature 2). However, inreality, epoxidized vegetable oils having peroxide numbers of 5 or moreonly are described and reduction of the elution is not enough.

Also, it is proposed to substitute bis(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate (DOTP)for the conventional DOP as a plasticizer to be added to a polyvinylchloride resin (see the following Patent Literatures 3 to 5). ThesePatent Literatures do not refer to application of the polyvinyl chlorideresin compositions to medical instruments or on reduction of elution.Further, these polyvinyl chloride resin compositions are inferior inheat stability and processability.

PRIOR ART Patent Literatures

Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho59-33343/1984

Patent Literature 2: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei8-24329/1996

Patent Literature 3: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.2003-226738

Patent Literature 4: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.2003-253072

Patent Literature 5: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho63-75050/1988

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Purpose Of The Invention

The present invention has been made in view of the aforesaidcircumstances. An object of the present invention is to provide apolyvinyl chloride resin composition which is superior in heat stabilityand processability and has less elution.

Means For Achieving The Purpose

The present inventor has found that the aforesaid purpose is achieved byadding di(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate as a plasticizer together withepoxidized vegetable oil having a peroxide number of 5 or less topolyvinyl chloride resin.

Thus, the present invention is a polyvinyl chloride resin compositioncomprising 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin, 10 to 120parts by weight of di(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate, and 0.5 to 20 parts byweight of epoxidized vegetable oil having a peroxide number of 5 orless. The present invention also provides a medical instrument composedof the polyvinyl chloride resin composition.

Effects Of The Invention

The present polyvinyl chloride resin composition is superior in heatstability and processability and has less elution from the compositionand, therefore, is suitably used for medical instruments such as medicaltubes and medical bags.

EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The present polyvinyl chloride resin composition will be described indetail below. The present polyvinyl chloride resin composition comprisesa polyvinyl chloride resin, di(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate as aplasticizer and epoxidized vegetable oil having a peroxide number of 5or less.

The polyvinyl chloride resin encompasses any polymer having the group,—CH₂—CHCl—, and includes homopolymers of vinyl chloride, copolymers ofvinyl chloride with any other polymerizable monomer except vinylacetate, such as ethylene-vinyl chloride copolymers, modifiedhomopolymers or copolymers, such as post-chlorinated vinyl, chloridecopolymer, and chlorinated polyolefins having a structure similar tothat of the aforesaid polyvinyl chloride resin, such as chlorinatedpolyethylene.

The polyvinyl chloride resin preferably has a number average degree ofpolymerization of 300 to 7000, more preferably 500 to 3000. Thepolyvinyl chloride resin in the present polyvinyl chloride resincomposition may be used alone or in a combination of two or more ofthese resins.

Di(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate used as a plasticizer in the presentinvention is represented by the following formula, where two2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl groups are present at the para position to eachother and, therefore, is different from di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DOP)where two 2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl groups are present at the orthoposition to each other.

Di(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate is commercially available.

The amount of di(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate is 10 to 120 parts byweight, preferably 10 to 100 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 80parts by weight, still more preferably 20 to 65 parts by weight, per 100parts by weight of the polyvinyl chloride resin. If the amount is lessthan the lower limit, flexibility of the composition may not be enough.If the amount exceeds the upper limit, strength of the composition maymarkedly decrease or bleeding may occur.

The present resin composition comprises di(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate asa plasticizer and, therefore, shows less elution. Particularly, thepresent resin composition attains the following effect. In a pH testdescribed below, where a sheet composed of the present resin compositionis immersed in distilled water, change in a pH of the distilled water isvery low. This means that a less amount of materials which affects thepH elute. Accordingly, medical instruments made of this resincomposition can be used in contact with medicaments which are prone tobe affected by a pH.

The present polyvinyl chloride resin composition further comprisesepoxidized vegetable oil. The epoxidized vegetable oil used in thepresent invention is prepared in a known method by epoxidizingnaturally-occurring vegetable oil with hydrogen peroxide or an organicperoxy acid such as acetic peroxide and has a peroxide number of 5 orless, preferably 4 or less, more preferably 3 or less. If the numberexceeds 5, the effect of reducing an amount of eluted materials is notenough.

The epoxidized vegetable oil is commercially available or may beprepared, for example, in the following manner. Vegetable oil isoxidized with an organic peroxy acid as an oxidant to obtain epoxidizedvegetable oil having a peroxide number of 20 to 40. This is then heatedunder a reduced pressure to obtain epoxidized vegetable oil having aperoxide number of 5 or less. The heating temperature is usually 120 to250 degrees C., preferably 130 to 200 degrees C. The heating time isseveral minutes to several hours. As the heating time is longer, a lowerperoxide number is obtained. One hour or longer is preferred. If thetemperature is lower than 120 degrees C., a longer heating time isnecessary. If the temperature exceeds 250 degrees C., side-reactionssuch as polymerization of epoxy groups may occur.

Examples of the vegetable oil for the epoxidized vegetable oil includesoybean oil, linseed oil and rapeseed oil. Soybean oil is particularlypreferred.

Potassium iodide is added to a sample and an amount of iodine liberatedfrom the sample, expressed in meq/kg of sample, is the peroxide numberaccording to the method described in “The Standard Methods for theAnalysis of Fats, Oils and Related Materials”, Japan Oil Chemists'Society (ed.), Asakura Publishing Co., Ltd., 1966. A higher peroxidenumber means that a sample contains more peroxide groups.

The amount of the epoxidized vegetable oil is 0.5 to 20 parts by weight,preferably 1 to 12 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 7 parts byweight, per 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl chloride resin. If theamount is less than the lower limit, heat stability of the compositionmay not be enough and the effect of reducing an amount of elutedmaterials may not be attained. If the amount exceeds the upper limit,bleeding-out may occur. No incremental effect is attained by the oilover the upper limit.

The present polyvinyl chloride resin composition may further comprisesilicone oil. The amount of the silicone oil is 0.05 to 10 parts byweight, preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight ofthe polyvinyl chloride resin. If the amount is less than the lowerlimit, the effect of reducing an amount of eluted materials may not beattained. No incremental effect is attained by the silicone oil over theupper limit.

Examples of the silicone oil include polymethylphenylsiloxane,polydimethylsiloxane, poly(methyl hydrogen siloxane), and those modifiedwith an amino group or a carboxyl group.

The present polyvinyl chloride resin composition may further comprise astabilizer which is generally added in a flexible polyvinyl chlorideresin for food or medical applications. Examples of the stabilizerinclude, for example, barium-zinc type and calcium-zinc type ones, suchas composite stearate of calcium and zinc. The amount of the stabilizeris preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of thepolyvinyl chloride resin. If the amount is less than 0.1 part by weight,no effect of the stabilizer is attained. No incremental effect isattained by the stabilizer ever the upper limit.

The present polyvinyl chloride resin composition may further compriseadditives such as other plasticizers, pigments, dyes, heat stabilizers,antioxidants and lubricants, if necessary,

The present polyvinyl chloride resin composition may be obtained bymelt-kneading a polyvinyl chloride resin, di(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate,epoxidized vegetable oil and, if necessary, optional components in apress kneader at a resin temperature of 150 to 160 degrees C. for 5 to10 minutes.

The present polyvinyl chloride resin composition is superior in heatstability and shows less elution and, therefore, may suitably be usedfor various medical instruments such as medical tubes, medical bags andbreath masks. The medical tubes include, for example, feeding tubes,hemodialysis tubes, respiratory tubes, catheter, pressure monitor tubesand heparin tubes. The medical bags include blood bags, liquid medicinebags and drainage bags.

In the following, the present invention will be illustrated in moredetail by the Examples, but are not limited thereto.

EXAMPLES Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 14

The components in the amounts (part by weight) as shown in Table 1 weremelt kneaded in a press kneader approximately at 160 degrees C. toprepare a polyvinyl chloride resin composition. The composition was putthrough rolls into a sheet. The sheet was formed into a predeterminedsize by a press machine to obtain a specimen. The specimen was subjectedto the following tests (1) and (2). Besides, the polyvinyl chlorideresin composition obtained above was subjected to the following test(3). The results are as shown in Table 1.

The abbreviations in the Tables are as follows.

PVC: polyvinyl chloride resin (average degree of polymerization: 1300)DOTP: di(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalateDOP: di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalateTOTM: tri (2-ethylhexyl)trimellitateDINCH: diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylateDOA: di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate

Tests (1) Tests On Eluted Materials

The following tests were carried out according to the JapanesePharmacopoeia. 15.00 Grams of the specimen with a thickness of 1 mm werewashed with water and then dried at room temperature. This specimen wasput into a 500 ml-volume conical flask, followed by addition of 300 mlof distilled water. The flask was sealed with a silicone rubber stopperand then heated in a high-pressure steam sterilizer at 121 degrees C.for 60 minutes. After decompression, the conical flask containing thespecimen therein was removed from the high-pressure steam sterilizer andallowed to stand until the temperature of the flask decreased to roomtemperature. The specimen was transferred together with the distilledwater into a 300 ml-volume volumetric flask, to which distilled waterwas supplemented to a total volume of just 300 ml to obtain a testsolution. Separately, the same procedures were repeated to prepare ablank test solution containing no specimen. The test solution and theblank test solution were subjected to the following tests (i) to (v).

(i) pH Test

To each 20 ml of the test solution and the blank test solution, addedwas 1 ml of a solution which had been prepared by adding water to 1.0 gof potassium chloride to a total amount of 1000 ml. Then, pH values ofthe resulting solutions were measured and a difference between these pHvalues was calculated. A larger difference means that a more amount ofmaterials which affect pH elute.

(ii) Tin Test Preparation Of A Test Solution For The Tin Test

10.0 Ml of the test solution was put in a 25 ml volumetric flask, towhich a potassium permanganate solution was added dropwise until thecolor of the solution turned pale red, and then a small amount ofL-ascorbic acid was added to cause decoloration. To the solution, addedsequentially were 1.5 ml of 1N hydrogen chloride, 5.0 ml of citric aciddiluted with water by 10 times, and 2-5 ml of polyvinyl alcohol having adegree of polymerization of 2000, followed by addition of 5.0 ml of asolution of phenylfluoron in ethanol, and water was further added to atotal amount of 25.0 ml. The resulting solution was shaken well and thenallowed to stand for approximately 20 minutes to obtain a test solutionfor the tin test.

Preparation Of An Aqueous Dilute Nitric Acid Solution

Dilute nitric acid was prepared according to the Japanese Phamacopoeia,Sixteenth Edition. That is, water was added to 10.5 ml of nitric acid toa total amount of 100 ml, which was a 10% dilute nitric acid. The 10%dilute nitric acid was further diluted by three times to obtain anaqueous dilute nitric acid solution (A).

Standard Solution For The Tin Test

A tin standard solution (1000 ppm, ex. Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) wasdiluted to a concentration of 1.0 μg/ml. 5.0 Ml of this was put in a 20ml stoppered volumetric flask instead of the test solution. A potassiumpermanganate solution was added drop-wise until the color of thesolution turned pale red. Then the same procedures as in the aforesaidpreparation of a test solution for the tin test, were repeated to obtaina standard solution for the tin test (0.25 μg/ml), except that theaqueous dilute nitric acid solution (A) in place of water was added to atotal amount of 20 ml. Similarly, standard solutions for the tin test ofconcentrations of 0.01 μg/ml, 0.05 μg/ml and 0.1 μg/ml were prepared.

Quantitative Analysis Of Tin

The standard solutions for the tin test were subjected to measurement ofan absorbance at a wavelength of 510 nm with a water reference toprepare a calibration curve. Similarly, the test solutions for the tintest were subjected to measurement of absorbances at the same wavelengthwith a water reference. Concentrations of tin were found from theabsorbances on the calibration curve. A polyvinyl chloride resincomposition may contain tin derived from a catalyst in the preparationof vinyl chloride or contaminants.

(iii) Tests On Potassium Permanganate-Reducing Materials

20.0 Ml of the test solution was put in a stoppered conical flask, towhich 20.0 ml of a 0.002 mol/l potassium permanganate solution and 1 mlof the 10% dilute nitric acid were added, boiled for 3 minutes andcooled. After 0.1 g of potassium iodide was added, the flask was tightlystopped, shaked and allowed to stand for ten minutes, to which fivedrops of a starch solution were added as an indicator. Titration with a0.01 mol/L sodium thiosulfate solution was carried out to determine anamount of potassium permanganate solution consumed (X). The sameprocedures as described above were repeated on the blank test solutionto determine an amount of potassium permanganate solution consumed (Y).The value, X-Y, is indicated as ΔKMnO₄. A higher value means that a moreamount of potassium permanganate-reducing materials, mainly organicsubstances, eluted.

(iv) Evaporation Residue Test

Twenty ml of the test solution was evaporated to dryness on a waterbath. The resulting residue was dried at 105 degrees C. for an hour andthen weighed.

(v) Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum Test

The blank test solution was put in a quartz cell having a liquidthickness of 10 mm and used for correction of a ultraviolet and visiblespectrophotometer, U-3010 (ex. Hitachi, Ltd.). Similarly, the testsolutions were put in the quartz cell and subjected to measurement ofabsorbance in the wavelength range of 220 to 350 nm with the samespectrophotometer to determine a maximum absorbance. The results are asshown in Table 1.

(2) Heat Stability Test

The heat stability test was carried out according to the JapaneseIndustrial Standards (JIS) K6723 to determine a period of time (inminute) for which the specimen remained stable at 170±3 degrees C. Thistest was carried out as follows. The specimen was put in a test tubetogether with a test paper, congo red paper. The tube was sealed andthen put in an oil bath at 170±3 degrees C. to measure a period of timewhich was necessary for the specimen to change. A time when a color ofthe congo red paper changed was regarded as the time when the specimenchanged.

(3) Processability Test

Thirty grams of the polyvinyl chloride resin composition were kneaded inLABO PLASTOMILL 30C 150 type, ex Toyo Seiki Seisaku-Sho, Ltd., under theconditions of a cell temperature of 160 degrees C., a rotation speed of50 rpm and a preheating time of 5 minutes to measure a period of timewhich is necessary for the composition to reach a maximum torque value.This is referred to as a gelation time. A shorter gelation time meansthat the processability is better.

TABLE 1 Exam- Exam- Exam- Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Example 1 Example 2Example 3 Example 4 ple 5 ple 6 ple 7 Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 PVC 100100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 DOTP (molecular weight: 391) 5010 50 100 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 DOP (molecular weight: 391) 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 TOTM (molecular weight: 547) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DINCH(molecular weight: 424) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DOA (molecular weight:371) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Epoxidized soybean oil 1 5 5 5 10 20 5 0 30 00 (peroxide number: 3) Epoxidized soybean oil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5(peroxide number: 8) Ca—Zn type composite stabilizer 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.21.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Silicone oil* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 ΔpH 0.20.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Tin, μg/ml 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.010.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 ΔKMnO₄, ml 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.10.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Evaporation residue, mg 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.10.1 0.4 0.3 0.4 Ultraviolet absorption spectrum 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.040.05 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.06 (absorbance) Heat stability, min. 95 140115 95 120 130 115 75 130 95 115 Processability (gelation time), 3′12″2′42″ 3′00″ 3′46″ 3′12″ 3′23″ 3′02″ 4′20″ 3′24″ 3′17″ 3′06″ minute (′)and second (″) Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp.Comp. Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14PVC 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 DOTP (molecular weight: 391)50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DOP (molecular weight: 391) 0 0 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0TOTM (molecular weight: 547) 0 0 0 0 50 50 0 0 0 0 DINCH (molecularweight: 424) 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 50 0 0 DOA (molecular weight: 371) 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 50 50 Epoxidized soybean oil 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 (peroxide number:3) Epoxidized soybean oil 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (peroxide number: 8)Ca—Zn type composite stabilizer 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2Silicone oil* 0 0 0 0.1 0 0.1 0 0.1 0 0.1 ΔpH 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.50.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 Tin, μg/ml 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.020.01 ΔKMnO₄, ml 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Evaporationresidue, mg 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Ultravioletabsorption spectrum 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01(absorbance) Heat stability, min. 120 130 155 155 125 125 85 85 85 85Processability (gelation time), 3″17″ 3′28″ 1′10″ 1′10″ 5′26″ 5′26″4′38″ 4′38″ 1′02″ 1′03″ minute (′) and second (″) *KF-96 100cs (tradename, dimethyl silicone oil, ex Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.)

As apparent from Table 1, the present polyvinyl, chloride resincompositions comprising di(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate (DOTP) as aplasticizer and epoxidized soybean oil having the peroxide number of 5or less were superior in heat stability and processability, and showedthe less elution and the less pH change. On the other hand, thecomposition of Comparative Example 1 comprising the epoxidized soybeanoil in an amount less than the present lower limit was inferior in heatstability and processability. The compositions of Comparative Examples 3to 6 where the peroxide number of epoxidized soybean oil was more than 5showed the larger evaporation residues and the larger ultravioletabsorbences, compared to those in the compositions of Examples 1, 3, 5and 6. This means that the former compositions had higher tendency toelution. Among these Examples and Comparative Examples, Example 3 andComparative Example 3 showed the comparable levels of the evaporationresides and the ultraviolet absorbances, but the composition of Example3 was superior in heat stability than that of Comparative Example 3. Thecompositions of Comparative Examples 7 to 14 comprising a plasticizerother than DOTP showed the larger pH change.

Example 8 and Comparative Examples 15 to 23

The components in the amounts (parts by weight) as shown in Table 2 weremelt kneaded in a press kneader at approximately 160 degrees C. toprepare a polyvinyl chloride resin composition. The composition was putthrough rolls into a sheet. The sheet was formed into a predeterminedsize by a press machine to obtain a specimen. The specimen was subjectedto the following GS-MS test. The results are as shown in Table 2.

GS-HS Test (i) Extraction Test With Distilled Water

The specimen having a size of 65 mm×65 mm×2 mm and weight ofapproximately 10.00 g was washed with distilled water and dried at roomtemperature. This specimen was put in a 500 ml-volume glass containerand closed, to which 300 ml of distilled water was then added, followedby shaking at 37 degrees C. for 5 hours. The distilled water wastransferred to a 300 ml-volume volumetric flask, to which distilledwater was further added to a total of just 300 ml to obtain a testsolution. The same procedures as described above were repeated withoutthe specimen to obtain a blank test solution.

Each of the test solution and the blank test solution obtained above wasevaporated to dryness using an evaporator to obtain a dried residue. Theresidue was dissolved in acetone and a total was adjusted to 10 ml in avolumetric flask. The solution was analyzed by a gas chromatography massspectrometer (GC-MS apparatus) to determine an amount of the plasticizer(mg/ml) extracted into distilled water. Operation conditions are asfollows. A calibration curve was prepared using standard materials forDOTP, DOP, TOTM and DOA, ex Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., and a standardmaterial for DINCH, ex BASF.

Operation Condition: Apparatus: GCMS-QP2010Plus (ex ShimadzuCorporation);

Column: DB-1 MS (ex Agilent Technologies, Inc.), 0.25 mm Φ×30 m with amembrane thickness of 0.25 μm;Inlet temperature: 280 degrees C.;Interface temperature: 280 degrees C.;Carrier gas: helium (2 mL/min.)Injected amount of a solution to be analyzed; 1 μL (using anauto-sampler);Column temperature: 100 degrees C. (1 minute)-20 degrees C./min.-230degrees C. (0 minute)-10 degrees C./min.-300 degrees C. (15 minutes).

(ii) Extraction Test With A 40 Vol/Vol % Ethanol Solution In Wafer

The same procedures as in test (i) above were repeated to determine anamount of a plasticizer (mp/ml) extracted into a 50 vol/vol % ethanolsolution in water, except that the distilled water was replaced with the40 vol/vol % ethanol solution in water. The ethanol solution wasprepared from special grade ethanol, ex Kanto Chemical Co., anddistilled water.

TABLE 2 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Example 8 15 16 17 18Composition PVC 100 100 100 100 100 DOTP (molecular weight: 391) 50 50 00 0 DOP (molecular weight: 391) 0 0 50 50 0 TOTM (molecular weight: 547)0 0 0 0 50 DINCH (molecular weight: 424) 0 0 0 0 0 DOA (molecularweight: 371) 0 0 0 0 0 Epoxidized soybean oil 10 0 10 0 10 (peroxidenumber: 3) Epoxidized soybean oil 0 10 0 10 0 (peroxide number: 8) Ca—Zntype composite stabilizer 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Results of Distilledwater, mg/ml ND ND 1.20 × 10⁻⁵ 3.00 × 10⁻⁵ 9.60 × 10⁻⁵ extraction 40vol/vol % Ethanol solution 7.40 × 10⁻⁷ 3.20 × 10⁻⁵ 5.40 × 10⁻³ 9.60 ×10⁻³ 7.50 × 10⁻⁵ tests in water, mg/ml Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 19 20 21 22 23 Composition PVC 100 100 100 100 100DOTP (molecular weight: 391) 0 0 0 0 0 DOP (molecular weight: 391) 0 0 00 0 TOTM (molecular weight: 547) 50 0 0 0 0 DINCH (molecular weight:424) 0 50 50 0 0 DOA (molecular weight: 371) 0 0 0 50 50 Epoxidizedsoybean oil 0 10 0 10 0 (peroxide number: 3) Epoxidized soybean oil 10 010 0 10 (peroxide number: 8) Ca—Zn type composite stabilizer 0.25 0.250.25 0.25 0.25 Results of Distilled water, mg/ml 5.60 × 10⁻⁷ ND ND 9.40× 10⁻⁹ 3.30 × 10⁻⁵ extraction 40 vol/vol % Ethanol solution 2.10 × 10⁻⁵8.30 × 10⁻⁵ 2.10 × 10⁻⁴ 1.60 × 10⁻² 5.60 × 10⁻² tests in water, mg/ml ND= Not detected

As apparent from Table 2, the composition of Example 8 comprising DOTPas a plasticizer and epoxidized soybean oil having the peroxide numberof 5 or less showed the less elutions of the plasticizer into distilledwater and into the aqueous ethanol solution, compared to those in thecompositions of Comparative Examples 15 to 23 which met only one orneither of the aforesaid two requirements.

1. A polyvinyl chloride resin composition comprising 100 parts by weightof a polyvinyl chloride resin, 10 to 120 parts by weight ofdi(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate, and 0.5 to 20 parts by weight ofepoxidized vegetable oil haying a peroxide number of 5 or less.
 2. Thepolyvinyl chloride resin composition according to claim 1, furthercomprising 0.05 to 10 parts by weight of silicone oil
 3. A medicalinstrument composed of the polyvinyl chloride resin compositionaccording to claim
 1. 4. The medical instrument according to claim 3,wherein the instrument is a medical tube or a medical bag.
 5. A medicalinstrument composed of the polyvinyl chloride resin compositionaccording to claim
 2. 6. The medical instrument according to claim 5,wherein the instrument is a medical tube or a medical bag.